- Prediction of the risk of skin cancer caused by UVB radiation exposure using a method of meta-analysis.
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D C Shin, J T Lee, J Y Yang
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Korean J Prev Med. 1998;31(1):91-103.
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- Under experimental conditions, UVB radiation, a type of ultra violet radiation, has shown to relate with the occurrence of skin erythema (sun-burn) in human and skin cancer in experimental animal. Cumulative exposure to UVB is also believed to be at least partly responsible for the "aging" process of the skin in human. It has also been observed to have an effect of altering DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). UVB radiation is both an initiator and a promotor of non-melanoma skin cancer. Meta-analysis is a new discipline that critically reviews and statistically combines the results of previous researches. A recent review of meta-analysis in the field of public health emphasized its growing importance. Using a meta-analysis in this study, we explored more reliable dose-response relationships between UVB radiation and skin cancer incidence. We estimated skin cancer incidence using measured UVB radiation dose at a local area of Seoul (Shin chon-dong). The studies showing the dose-response relationships between UVB radiation and non-melanoma skin cancer incidence were searched and selected for a meta-analysis. The data for 7 reported epidemiological studies of three counties (USA, England, Australia) were pooled to estimated the risk. We estimated rate of incidence change of skin cancer using pooled data by meta-analysis method, and exponential and power models. Using either model, the regression coefficients for UVB did not differ significantly by gender and age. In each analysis of variance, non-melanoma skin cancer incidence after removing the gender and age and UVB effects was significant (p>0.01). The coefficients for UVB dose were estimated 2.07x10-6 by the exponential model and 2.49 by the power model. At a local area of Seoul (Shin chon-dong), BAF value were estimated 1.90 and 2.51 by the exponential and power model, respectively. The estimated BAF value were increased statistical power than that of primary studies that using a meta-analysis method.
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Summary
- Evaluation on Hearing Conservation Program in the Noisy Industries.
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M S Kwak, J T Lee, J H Kim, S H Urm, D H Kim, Byung Chul Son, C H Lee
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Korean J Prev Med. 1997;30(4):815-829.
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- This study was performed to assist the employer to establish the effective program for hearing conservation of noisy industry. The study subjects were health care managers of an industry and the study industries were divided into two groups(Group I, 37 industries; have the workers diagnosed as noise-induced hearing loss, Group II, 41 industries; not have the workers diagnosed as noise-induced hearing loss) and the question method carried out through the face to face interview. The contents of questionnaire for OSHA's hearing conservation program(HCP) consisted of seven components: 5 questions of monitoring of employee noise exposures(component 1), 6 questions of the institution of engineering, work practice, and administrative controls for excessive noise(component 2), 8 questions of the provision of each overexposed employee with an individually fitted hearing protector with an adequate noise reduction rating(component 3), 14 questions of employee training and education regarding noise hazards and protection measures(component 4), 9 questions of baseline and annual audiometry(component 5), 3 questions of procedures for preventing further occupational hearing loss by an employee whenever such an event has been identified(component 6), and 1 question of recording keeping(component 7), thus total numbers of questions was 46. The numbers of statistically significant difference(p<0.05) between two groups were 2(25.0%) among 8 questions of component 3, 10(71.4%) among 14 questions of component 4, 3(33.3%) among 8 questions of component 5, 2(66.7%) among 3 questions of component 6, and 17(37.0%) among total 46 questions of questionnaire. Above results showed that the level of HCP acceptance in group I was lower than in group II. Thus employer's understanding about HCP should be precede for the effective hearing conservation program of employee and the adequate hearing protector, training and education, baseline and annual audiometry, and procedures for preventing further occupational hearing loss for hearing conservation would be more emphasized.
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Summary
- Diagnostic Meaning of High Resolution Computed Tomography Compared with Chest Radiography for Screening of Welder's lung.
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J H Kang, J H Chun, H W Gu, K S Ko, B C Yu, H S Sohn, J T Lee
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Korean J Prev Med. 1996;29(4):853-862.
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- Pneumoconiosis is one of the major problem in the field of occupational health at Korea. Therefore, the efficient diagnosis of pneumoconiosis is a hot issue on the occupational health program. The author executed this study to estimate the diagnostic value of high resolution computed tomography(HRCT) compared with chest radiography for screening of welder's lung. HRCT was introduced very recently for the diagnosis of pneumoconiosis, however, the diagnostic value for screening of welder's lung-principally nonfibrogenic and reversible-has not been evaluated. The subjects were fifty cases of welder's lung or suspected cases who had been collected between 1989 and 1994 from one shipyard and continuously followed-up on the basis of in-plant periodic health check program. We applied both chest radiography and HRCT on the same subjects from May 1 to 30, 1996. The images were evaluated by two careered radiologists independently. The findings of chest radiography were classified into four category by ILO classification, and the findings of HRCT according to the criteria of Bergin et al. The concordance between two radiologists expressed with Kendall's tau-b was 0.72 by chest radiography and 0.44 by HRCT- that is, interobserver variation of HRCT was bigger than that of chest radiography. The concordance between the two different methods was highly variable as 0.44 by radiologist A and 0.06 by radiologist B- that is, interobserver variation was very big. However, HRCT looked more detectable for the minor parenchymal change. These findings suggested that it is not appropriate to use HRCT routinely for screening of welder's lung due to lack of diagnostic criteria, and feasibility, acceptability and economic aspects. Nevertheless, HRCT might be recommendable in the case of equivocal parenchymal features on the chest radiography, unexplained respiratory symptoms, and/or lung function abnormalities suggestive of interstitial fibrosis.
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Summary
- Chest Radiological Changes after Cessation and Decrease of Exposure to Welding Fume in Shipyard Welders.
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H S Sohn, J T Lee, H R Shin, C U Lee, K T Pae, H J Park, Y W Kim
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Korean J Prev Med. 1989;22(3):328-336.
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- 27 shipyard welders were diagnosed as pneumoconiosis and suspected pneumoconiosis(1976 - 1988) by chest radiographs and were observed over three years. 27 welders were divided into three groups by the state of exposure to welding fume i.e. cessation, decrease or continuity of exposure. And we observed the changing pattern of the chest radiographs of 27 welders with the passage of time. The results were as follows; 1. Group I (ceased exposure to welding fume) were 10 cases: suspected pneumoconiosis, 7 cases: pneumoconiosis). Chest radiographs of all cases were improved. The shape and size of small opacities was improved in 6 cases(85.7%) and did not changed in 1 case(14.3%) out of 7 pneumoconiosis welders. 2. Group II (decreased exposure to welding fume) were 5 cases(2 cases: suspected pneumoconiosis, 3 cases: pneumoconiosis). Chest radiographs were progressed in 2 cases(40%), did not changed in 1 case(20%), were improved in 2 cases(40%) out of 5 cases. The shaped and size of small opacities was progressed in 1 case(33.3%) and was improved in 2 cases(66.7%) out of 3 pneumoconiosis welders. 3. Group III (continued exposure to welding fume) were 12 cases(1 case: suspected pneumoconiosis, 11 cases: pneumoconiosis). Chest radiographs were progressed in 9 cases(75%), did not changed in 3 cases(25%) out of 12 cases. The shape and size opacities was progressed in 1 case(9.1%) and did not changed in 10 cases(90.9%) out of 11 pneumoconiosis welders. 4. The average duration for development into suspected pneumoconiosis was 6.6 years and for progression of each one category after that was 2.2 years(p<0.01). The radiological appearance of pneumoconiosis had disappeared or decreased after cessation of exposure to the welding fume. So that, early detection and control e.g., change of department of pneumoconiosis of welders by screening program will be important for medical surveillance of welders.
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Summary
- A study on the properities of the paralytic shellfish poison.
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J T Lee, H S Shon, D H Moon, C U Lee, S C Kim, K T Pae, J Y Kim, Y W Kim, N W Paik
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Korean J Prev Med. 1988;21(1):163-171.
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- The paralytic shellfish poisoning was occurred among 25 laborers who worked at breaking-up of ships in Pusan for 5 days from March 29 to April 2 of 1986. For the purpose of accurately defining the paralytic shellfish poison(PSP), the authors carried out mouse bioassay and chemical analysis. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The mean amount of paralytic shellfish toxin was 1,207.8 microgram per 100gm meat, and the mean death time of mouse was 5 minutes 16 second. 2. The properties of the PSP were mainly gonyautoxin group by chemical analysis(TLC, IR, 1H-NMR).
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Summary
- Survey on Ambient Air Quality in Pusan Areas.
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Y W Kim, J Y Kim, J H Lee, D H Moon, H R Shin, J T Lee, M C Lee
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Korean J Prev Med. 1986;19(2):252-262.
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- In order to assess the degree of atmospheric pollution and to contribute the health improvement of residents in Pusan, the authors measured CO, SO2, NO2 and TSP level at 3 places by season and time from July, 1985 to April, 1986. The places were S my n, Sasang and Daeshin-dong, which were known as the commercial, industrial and residental area in Pusan, respectively. The Obtained results were as follows: 1) The average concentration of CO was highest with 2.19+/-0.52(3.5-1.0)ppm at Sasang area, and lowest with 1.32+/-0.55(3.0-0.5)ppm at Daeshin-dong areas. 2) The average concentration of SO2 was highest with 0.092+/-0.073(0.378-0.028)ppm at Sasang, and lowest with 0.041/-0.014(0.083-0.019)ppm at Daeshin-dong. 3) The average concentration of NO2 was highest with 0.069+/-0.012(0.090-0.050)ppm at Somyon, and lowest with 0.043+/-0.010(0.061-0.032)ppm at Daeshin-dong. 4) The average concentration of TSP was highest with 300+/-130(780-130) microgram/m3 at Sasang, and lowest with 160+/-80(390-70) microgram/m3 at Daeshin-dong. 5) The level of CO and TSP were highest in summer at Somyon and Daeshin-dong, and in winter at Sasang, respectively. The level of SO2 and NO2 were highest in winter and spring at all areas. 6) The level of all air pollutants were highest in the afternoon or night than in the morning.
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KSPM
